Ołów
82
Pb
Grupa
14
Okres
6
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
82
82
125
Ogólne właściwości
Liczba atomowa
82
Masa atomowa
207,2
Liczba masowa
207
Kategoria
Metale bloku p
Kolor
Popielaty
Radioaktywny
Nie
From the Latin word plumbum
Układ krystalograficzny
Płaski wyśrodkowany sześcienny
Historia
Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 BC have been found in Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey.
The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.
In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.
In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
Elektrony na poszczególnych powłokach
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Konfiguracja elektronowa
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead
Właściwości fizyczne
Stan skupienia
Ciało stałe
Gęstość
11,342 g/cm3
Temperatura topnienia
600,61 K | 327,46 °C | 621,43 °F
Temperatura wrzenia
2022,15 K | 1749 °C | 3180,2 °F
Ciepło topnienia
4,77 kJ/mol
Ciepło parowania
178 kJ/mol
Ciepło właściwe
0,129 J/g·K
Ilość w skorupie Ziemi
0,00099%
Ilość we Wszechświecie
1×10-6%
Numer CAS
7439-92-1
Numer CID PubChem
5352425
Właściwości atomowe
Promień atomowy
175 pm
Promień walencyjny
146 pm
Elektroujemność
2,33 (Skali Paulinga)
Energia jonizacji
7,4167 eV
Objętość molowa
18,17 cm3/mol
Przewodność cieplna
0,353 W/cm·K
Stopnie utlenienia
-4, 2, 4
Zastosowania
Large quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries.
Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.
It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.
Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.
It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.
Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead and its compounds are poisonous
Izotopy
Stabilne izotopy
204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208PbNiestabilne izotopy
178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 205Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb