Tal
81
Tl
Grupa
13
Okres
6
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
81
81
123
Ogólne właściwości
Liczba atomowa
81
Masa atomowa
204,3833
Liczba masowa
204
Kategoria
Metale bloku p
Kolor
Srebrny
Radioaktywny
Nie
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Układ krystalograficzny
Sześciokąt prosty
Historia
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektrony na poszczególnych powłokach
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Konfiguracja elektronowa
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Właściwości fizyczne
Stan skupienia
Ciało stałe
Gęstość
11,85 g/cm3
Temperatura topnienia
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Temperatura wrzenia
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Ciepło topnienia
4,2 kJ/mol
Ciepło parowania
165 kJ/mol
Ciepło właściwe
0,129 J/g·K
Ilość w skorupie Ziemi
0,000053%
Ilość we Wszechświecie
5×10-8%
Numer CAS
7440-28-0
Numer CID PubChem
5359464
Właściwości atomowe
Promień atomowy
170 pm
Promień walencyjny
145 pm
Elektroujemność
1,62 (Skali Paulinga)
Energia jonizacji
6,1082 eV
Objętość molowa
17,2 cm3/mol
Przewodność cieplna
0,461 W/cm·K
Stopnie utlenienia
1, 3
Zastosowania
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Izotopy
Stabilne izotopy
203Tl, 205TlNiestabilne izotopy
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl