Gal
31
Ga
Grupa
13
Okres
4
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
31
31
39
Ogólne właściwości
Liczba atomowa
31
Masa atomowa
69,723
Liczba masowa
70
Kategoria
Metale bloku p
Kolor
Srebrny
Radioaktywny
Nie
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Układ krystalograficzny
Podstawowy wyśrodkowany rombowy
Historia
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektrony na poszczególnych powłokach
2, 8, 18, 3
Konfiguracja elektronowa
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Właściwości fizyczne
Stan skupienia
Ciało stałe
Gęstość
5,907 g/cm3
Temperatura topnienia
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Temperatura wrzenia
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Ciepło topnienia
5,59 kJ/mol
Ciepło parowania
256 kJ/mol
Ciepło właściwe
0,371 J/g·K
Ilość w skorupie Ziemi
0,0019%
Ilość we Wszechświecie
1×10-6%
Numer CAS
7440-55-3
Numer CID PubChem
5360835
Właściwości atomowe
Promień atomowy
135 pm
Promień walencyjny
122 pm
Elektroujemność
1,81 (Skali Paulinga)
Energia jonizacji
5,9993 eV
Objętość molowa
11,8 cm3/mol
Przewodność cieplna
0,406 W/cm·K
Stopnie utlenienia
1, 2, 3
Zastosowania
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilne izotopy
69Ga, 71GaNiestabilne izotopy
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga